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Radioactive activity explained

Activity is the rate at which a radioactive sample decays — specifically, the number of disintegrations per second. It's measured in Becquerels (1 Bq = 1 decay/second) or Curies (1 Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ decays/second). The Curie was originally defined based on the activity of one gram of Radium-226.

A = λN = (ln2 / t½) × N

A = activity (Bq)
λ = decay constant (s⁻¹)
N = number of atoms
t½ = half-life (seconds)

Relationship between mass and atoms

If you know the mass of a sample in grams and its atomic mass number, the number of atoms is N = (mass / atomic_mass) × Avogadro's number, where Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³. For example, 1 gram of U-238 contains about 2.53 × 10²¹ atoms.

Activity over time

Activity decreases exponentially, just like the number of atoms. After time t, the activity is A(t) = A₀ × e^(−λt), where A₀ is the initial activity. This is important for radiation safety, medical dosimetry, and managing radioactive waste.